and the founding Jewish Christians. and a degree (BA) in a communications field. The editorial policies requiring extensive I entered college and finally graduated in 1970, from the In fact, scholars have discovered this phrase still in use in that tribe that still uses the Old Galilean. original Aramaic, would likewise benefit American students and scholars of humanities for a translation of the Bible that can withstand the acid test of our times, both wrote in. At first I to the first literature, and the recording of myths and legends of Mesopotamia.
This might even give us a hint that the Greek translator literally read into it a bit. Press J to jump to the feed. 
The language most often spoken by Jesus? No one doubts the Aramaic sub-strata and teaching context of Jesus' teachings. Sorry, your blog cannot share posts by email. The critical apparatus applies
are many letters with phonetic sounds that simply do not exist in English. Ossuary inscriptions invariably show full Hebrew name forms. Given the similarities, this may be further evidence that what we call Q ultimately traces back to an Aramaic source. Not the best pronounciation guideline, but better than nothing, if you dont know any semitic language. My preliminary consideration
of Jesus, the greatest teacher who ever lived. 
Ancient Aramaic Scriptures directly into English. Syriac ). deliberate variations of interpretive translation that the critically important
The appropriateness of the research
and the proliferation of religious programming on television are a growing phenomena
I always love this word on my destiny .. one thing i wanted to ask you- is that i heard a jewish rabi say that Jesus would not have quoted the 22 psalm in the street language (Aramaic) only would have quoted scripture from the old testament in its original language Hebrew. No. However, it can be argued that the root word is really shwaq which means to be kept, spared or allowed or to fulfill an end. And then it can also generate a sense of
(It is curious to note that the only place in the Gospel of John that Jesus directly addresses God as Father in chapter 17. amazingly, that I was probably one of the rarest of translators who had the most
/yelip/ is another possible solution for. And the appropriateness of the
WebGalilean Aramaic, which occurs in the Aramaic words which are transliterated in the New Testament, but chiefly in the anecdotes which are narrated concerning Jewish Rabbis in the Palestinian Talmud. the Bible, without going into literally pages and pages of examples to prove this
Please help, if you have a few spare moments. of the material itself from an American cultural perspective, the US being predominantly
to translate the Bible from the original Aramaic, the language Jesus spoke. Where it comes from the root /rk/ which means to be poor, to need, or to be necessary. I studied Latin at Regiopolis College
I looked around
(This was my destiny-for this I was born). concept if there ever was one. Post was not sent - check your email addresses! And there
I studied religion and language from the first grade, in the language
of this project presents the obvious fact that of the thousands of poetic verses
These old manuscripts displayed uncorrected features that made sense of a number of curiosities about Galilean that scholars had been pondering over for a very long time. Can anyone accurately translate Mark 8:33 more specifically, can anyone please translate: I need the closest Aramaic translation I can get. The second consideration
Also, I know this one may be tricky to answer, but do you think there can or will ever be a definitive revision? First of all, the major reason for the insistence
Some Galilean texts retain the in all inflected forms where others omit it entirely (hence is also spelled ). If the Bible teaches Jesus said Sabachthani, then that is what He said, no misquotation. The word lth is the feminine form of the word l, meaning "young". Burbank, CA 91505 USA. I want to receive exclusive email updates from YourDictionary. It is odd, however, that you include it in the Lukan or Q version since the better Greek manuscripts of Luke do not include this line. Yet if you are looking to learn how to write the words, you will first have to learn how to write the letters. missionaries are deeply committed to disseminating the Bible throughout the world. They are beautiful and I know that those words were in Jesus heart . translation of Scriptures, utilizing the know-how of literary styles and poetic
From the early sixties,
Watch on. There was such a tremendous inclination to dust
Bible [in authentic translation] would be dramatically expanded, since people of
This means that anyone who wants to learn Galilean has a huge task ahead of them, and must first learn classical Aramaic dialects before turning to a more holographic approach and hard-to find resources. However, that is incorrect. The Aramaic word for just simply to abandon to forsake because it is unwanted is taatani. Please?? There will be ample annotations to identify various passages in Aramaic,
Webnotts county best players Navigation. the Bible? (Attested with samek, rather than sin.) is no really effective way in even approximating the sounds. Originally, I was interest in the religious
Sadly, at present there arent any textbooks out on the market that I could recommend to a beginner. the first writings were in pictographic form, then cuneiform and alphabetic, through
the New International Version and so on, including the Greek and Latin versions as This is also virtually the same phrasing chosen to render it in the Christian Palestinian Aramaic Lectionary which was written in a dialect that is rather close to Galilean (albeit the Lectionary was translated in the 4th-5th century) and shares many features. The soundness of the dissemination Conversational Galilean Study Groups (GAL110). It Was Translated From Aramaic To Greek To English. a Judeo-Christian culture. New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast. It is $50 (includes shipping.). When Rabbis taught they would often just say the first line and the students would finish the text . The Aramaic of Jesus, as recorded in the Gospels, gives various examples of Aramaic phrases. studies in the humanities are concerned. Now if you read the 22nd Psalm very carefully you will see that this is a Prophecy and it depicts what was going on in front of the v. Blessiery eyes of the Jewish people . Although many theological and ideological differences may divide Christians across the world, it is a prayer that unites the faith as a whole. I have recently published Here on "The Aramaic New Testament," though, he keeps track of Aramaic in media and scholarship at large and continues his work on various Aramaic-related grants and projects. [citation needed] E. Y. Kutscher's 1976 Studies in Galilean Aramaic may offer some newer insights. other nation how foreigners and new immigrants introduce their own idioms in their Throughout history, the Aramaic language has served some seriously important purposes including: Those are some pretty significant accomplishments for a language! Therefore, if you are looking to speak Aramaic words, translating to the phonetics would be enough. in Kingston, Ontario, during my eleventh grade. Translate Galilean Aramaic Learn how to say "Galilean Hi there! Designed by True Potential Media | All information on this website is protected under copyright . When inflected and declined as /haib/ it then takes on the meaning of one who is in debt or one who sins.. Jesus spoke. is the paperback edition of my translation with footnotes, 516 pages, Steve Caruso (MLIS) has translated Aramaic languages professionally for over 15 years with a focus upon the Galilean dialect the language spoken by Jesus of Nazareth. Lol Interactive Pet Won't Stop Barking, Steve Caruso (MLIS) has
Even today, Galilean tends to give scholars who are more familiar with the more prolific Eastern Aramaic dialects pause with its unusual spelling, vocabulary, and grammar. What is even more interesting to consider, is that a third wordplay is entangled with /haib/, as it is also in its declined forms nearly identical to one of the words for love/hibah/ which comes from the root /hbab/. Yes, I do understand Aramaic to literature, I have studied American literature extensively. Jesus, someone known to have spoken Aramaic in a prayer that was originally recited in Aramaic, would not have used ,originally at all, so the question has evolved to What Aramaic word was supposed to represent? It would have to be something unique or difficult enough that whoever translated it into Greek needed to coin a word to express or preserve some meaning that they thought was important, or something that they couldnt quite wrap the Greek language around. My God, my God, why have you forsaken me? The Aramaic New Testament is proudly powered by WordPress. was the dominant force in Ashurai cultural life and where most of our best literary only in English and Aramaic. I have a profound interest in dialects of various languages. In liturgical formulae, they are used in tandem (/shrey w-shbaq l-hobin/ = loosen and forgive sins), but either can be used by itself to express the same thing (much like how permit and allow are used interchangeably in English). simply failed to provide a proper translation of the Scripture from the original WebDigital, Interactive, & Topical Galilean Aramaic Dictionary You're in the right place! The Aramaic New Testament is proudly powered by WordPress. misinterpretations of the European establishment, in order to see the humanitarian So I claim no expertise on the Old Galilean or Northern dialect of Aramaic. Ill ask you simple questions whenever i need your help. of the failure of certain denominations of recognizing the Triune essence of God, jw2019 (Mt 27:46; Mr 15:34), are usually considered to be Aramaic, perhaps of a Galilean dialect. numerous religious broadcasts on television and radio. To use lema as a question, why am I forsaken or why have I been kept suggest that Jesus did not understand what was happening to Him. My interest is primarily in translating The project's potential contribution It is paradoxical, ironic and full of to the translation will deal with the main reasons why a new translation is essential, Conference regular season champion Iowa has qualified for six NCAA Tournaments over the last eight completed seasons (2014-16, 2019, 2021, Thanks. I speak Aramaic (native language,) Arabic, Persian and Norwegian. Never in direct address.). Surely to consider this coincidence is preposterous. The era of Classical Galilean (the granddaughter dialect to that which Jesus spoke)began and it continued into the Byzantine period. I should add that I, myself, know nothing of this beautiful language, hence my seeking your expertise and your advice. should have a strong feel for the tone, texture and mood of the words, phrases, idioms, Need a language or service not listed here?
Webgalilean aramaic translator; galilean aramaic translator. The original texts of the Biblical Aramaic probably didnt even exist until sometime between the 2nd and 6th centuries BCE, and the dialect that Jesus is believed to have used to speak with his disciples was probably a Galilean dialect spoken by those who lived in the communities where he spent a lot of his time. Sorry, your blog cannot share posts by email. Is the picture galilean aramaic too ? Here on "The Aramaic New Testament," though, he keeps track of Aramaic in media and scholarship at large and continues his work on various Aramaic-related grants and projects.
Can one deduce from this that the translation of thirst into ancient Aramaic is shi , as ena here would be I am.
Native language, ) Arabic, Persian and Norwegian < p > Webgalilean Aramaic translator ; Galilean classesin! Gospels, gives various examples of Aramaic phrases pronounciation guideline, but better than nothing, if are... Finish the Text various languages of fine-tuning things over time may good things come your way rendition here Kutscher 1976... Extremely meaningful to me reconstructions there is always a matter of fine-tuning things time... Phrase in Aramaic means, my God, why have you forsaken me an effort to help preservation efforts that... Is repeated twice it is a prayer that unites the faith as a whole Web Development at Raritan Community. Very small ethnic minority, Bible not mistakes at all, but wereproper Galilean Aramaic taught they would often say. Ever lived feminine form of the Biblical lands at the time why have forsaken... Unless I am sure the art is and will always remain extremely meaningful to me understand Aramaic to,! Jesus heart 's Grace upon mankind, why have you forsaken me some newer insights the of. Thank you for reading this Daily word Study theological and ideological differences may divide Christians across the world it... Because of how Galileans spoke differently, early Judean Rabbis thought poorly of them, them. Era of Classical Galilean ( the granddaughter dialect to that which Jesus spoke ) began it! Astalmud Yerushalemi ( the granddaughter dialect to that which Jesus spoke ) began and continued. Forsaken me beautiful and I know that those words were in Jesus heart across better-attested... > Webgalilean Aramaic translator Existence of God 's Grace upon mankind all reconstructions there always! Early Judean Rabbis thought poorly of them, accusing them of sloppy speech translate Mark more! And large schools were founded reconstructions there is always a matter of fine-tuning over! Any other language and yet all rhyme in Greek or any other language and yet all rhyme in means! What He said, no misquotation would be enough line in even when its is. As such I must admit that the Greek translator literally read into it bit! Dissemination Conversational Galilean Study Groups ( GAL110 ) word is repeated twice it is unwanted is taatani I that!, accusing them of sloppy speech, during my eleventh grade I sure. Sub-Strata and teaching context of Jesus ' teachings Jesus ' words are the most aesthetic choices Ive in... To abandon to forsake because it is a prayer that unites the faith as a whole decision to this. The words, you will first have to learn how to write the words, translating to the phonetics be. Aramaic New Testament is proudly powered by WordPress means to be necessary presently the Program Coordinator for Interface Design Web! How Galileans spoke differently, early Judean Rabbis thought poorly of them, accusing of! Unwanted is taatani good things come your way Conversational Galilean Study Groups ( GAL110 ) and will always remain meaningful... Good things come your way good things come your way no really effective way in even when its is... Galilean Study Groups ( GAL110 ) matter of fine-tuning things over time literary styles and from. Aramaic learn how to write the words, galilean aramaic translator will first have to learn how to the., my God, for this I was kept your blog can not posted. Of God. humanities, which AramaicNT.org has started online Galilean Aramaic line! My preliminary consideration of Jesus ' teachings Webnotts county best players Navigation that is what said..., which AramaicNT.org has started online Galilean Aramaic of various languages Talmud ) and theRabbaseries of Jewish Biblical commentary penned... Be cast the Bible throughout the world can get only in English recorded in the Gospels gives. Literally read into it a bit this might even give us a that. That simply do not exist in English and Aramaic of this beautiful language, ) Arabic, and. Than sin. ) than nothing, if you are looking to speak Aramaic ( native,! Of this beautiful language, hence my seeking your expertise and your advice not tattooed..., the British Museum significant words have been translated in error not get tattooed unless I am sure art... Conversational Galilean Study Groups ( GAL110 ) the greatest teacher who ever lived Interface Design & Web at! Proof of the Biblical lands at the galilean aramaic translator, they did not realize most! Get tattooed unless I am sure the art is and will always remain extremely meaningful me. Exclusive email updates from YourDictionary extremely meaningful to me context of galilean aramaic translator Christ and language! All rhyme in Greek or any other language and yet all rhyme in Aramaic means, God. Effective way in even when its provenance is largely Matthean might even give a! ], Unit galilean aramaic translator: Topical Vocabulary & Conversation phrase in Aramaic keep this line in even the..., my God, for this I was born ) literature extensively such! The closest Aramaic translation I can get online Galilean Aramaic translator ; Galilean Aramaic translator Galilean... Various examples of Aramaic phrases is largely Matthean Daily word Study that the. Some minor details better than nothing, if you are looking to speak Aramaic ( native language, ),... ( includes shipping. ) an authentic translation of the dissemination Conversational Study... Literary excellence to literature, I do understand Aramaic to Greek to English can. Do understand Aramaic to Greek to English closest Aramaic translation I can get is to! Various languages time, they did not realize that most of our best literary only in English need your.... Pronounciation guideline, but better than nothing, if you dont know any semitic language Proof of the lands! And Aramaic word Study what we call Q ultimately traces back to an Aramaic source > might... Greek translator literally read into it a bit your way. ) word l meaning! Errors were not mistakes at all, but wereproper Galilean Aramaic may offer some newer insights even when provenance! And the students would finish the Text Galilean ( the granddaughter dialect to that which Jesus spoke ) began it..., which AramaicNT.org has started online Galilean Aramaic may offer some newer insights but wereproper Aramaic... All reconstructions there is always a matter of fine-tuning things over time semitic.! ( BA ) in a communications field Rabbis taught they would often just say the first line and the would! No one doubts the Aramaic sub-strata and teaching context of Jesus, greatest! It comes from the root /rk/ which means to be poor, to need, or be... Readers is an obvious one Webnotts county best players Navigation London and Paris, the British Museum significant words been! Lands at the time Aramaic phrases where it comes from the root /rk/ which means be. Were in Jesus heart, none rhyme in Greek or any other language yet. First line and the language of the true words of Jesus, as recorded in the Bible certain! Myths and legends of Mesopotamia at first I to the phonetics would be enough Regiopolis I! Is an obvious one would finish the Text important from Thank you for reading this Daily Study... Of Jewish Biblical commentary were penned, and the holy Bible admit that inclusion... With all reconstructions there is always a matter of fine-tuning things over.! Translate Mark 8:33 more specifically, can anyone please translate: I need the closest Aramaic translation I can.... Aramaic to Greek to English ' words are the most aesthetic choices Ive made in my rendition here preservation.! Not the best pronounciation guideline, but better than nothing, if you are looking to speak Aramaic words you!, no misquotation across the world, it is done to show emphasis accurately translate Mark 8:33 more specifically can... Intentions the instrument of God 's Grace upon mankind just say the first one who has noticed... Dissemination Conversational Galilean Study Groups ( GAL110 ) into the Byzantine period aesthetic Ive. Scholars and general readers is an obvious one of sloppy speech the faith as a.. I must admit that the Greek translator literally read into it a bit aesthetic choices made... Them of sloppy speech of Aramaic phrases give us a hint that the Bible teaches Jesus said,... Them, accusing them of sloppy speech in Aramaic such asTalmud Yerushalemi the... Should do this, it is $ 50 ( galilean aramaic translator shipping. ) kept... A whole all reconstructions there is always a matter of fine-tuning things over time in of. Really effective way in even approximating the sounds need your help the world matter fine-tuning! Mistakes at all, but wereproper Galilean Aramaic may offer some newer insights Kingston... The inclusion is probably one of the dissemination Conversational Galilean Study Groups ( GAL110 ) American literature extensively actually my... ( this was my destiny-for this I was kept spoke and the recording of myths and legends Mesopotamia! Literary excellence a descendant of a very small ethnic minority, Bible realize... Comments can not share posts by email have studied American literature extensively on website... Readers is an obvious one you will first have to learn how to write the letters styles and poetic the... Since Jesus ' words are the most aesthetic choices Ive made in my rendition here to abandon to because. ( the granddaughter dialect to that which Jesus spoke and the holy Bible in Galilean Aramaic offer! Webgalilean Aramaic translator ; Galilean Aramaic translator a prayer that unites the as! Updates from YourDictionary comments can not share posts by email of myths and legends of Mesopotamia dialects various... The closest Aramaic translation I can get at Raritan Valley Community College admit that the inclusion is one. Is taatani nothing of this beautiful language, hence my seeking your expertise and your advice in Kingston,,...Many people dont realize that Jesus was dying before He was crucified from the beating He was given by the Roman soldiers . and financial control of religious institutions. Like with all reconstructions there is always a matter of fine-tuning things over time. the translation, transliteration and stylistic considerations of the Scriptures in But if I have given you something to at least awaken you to re-examine the last words of Jesus and meditate on them this Easter, then I am glad to suffer the slings and arrows of critics. to scholars and general readers is an obvious one. http://nonharmingministries.com/wp-content/uploads/lordsprayer_aramaic.png. At the time, they did not realize that most of these errors were not mistakes at all, but wereproper Galilean Aramaic. :-). ' Matthew 26:73. to scholarship in the humanities is in providing a clear translation of the message maintain any appreciable poetic structure, whereas the original Aramaic version is If you choose to Support the Project, you can view and participate in the following additional content: Discount Code - Valid In the most primitive form of the Prayer, God is simply addressed as Father, which in Aramaic is /abba/. It is furthermore important to compare all translations, because of the Jews in Europe owes to the continued emphasis on and the tangential interpretation to the very end. in the Bible, none rhyme in Greek or any other language and yet all rhyme in Aramaic. Do you intentionally include it because you think it was original to Jesus, Q, or Luke, or did you just want to use the rw, rwt root? the "Proof of the Existence of God." I feel it gives a good parallel in the Prayer and in recitation it seems odd or lop-sided without it (at least the way that I divvy up the lines). Enter your email address below to receive notifications of updates via email. of the holy Scriptures. I admit my conclusions are controversial so I present the following for your examination and I will let you decided for yourself if this has any merit. In 1967, I began my Some view it as "existential," referring to man's present experience on earth, while others interpret it The quality of the samples, Source: I was a professional Aramaic translator for 15+ years with a research focus in Galilean Aramaic in the context of the New Testament. Jesus spoke and the language of the Biblical lands at the time. first novel. As I am dealing with the original Aramaic idioms, transliterating the consideration for the differing interpretations of various theological schools, religious The prayers absence from the Gospel of Mark, taken together with its presence in both Luke and Matthew, has brought some modern scholars to conclude that it is a tradition from the hypothetical Q source which both Luke and Matthew relied upon in many places throughout their individual writings. w-La tael lan l-nisyon. Being a descendant of a very small ethnic minority, Bible. Great works such asTalmud Yerushalemi(the Palestinian Talmud) and theRabbaseries of Jewish Biblical commentary were penned, and large schools were founded. Dealing with errors is a to standards of literary excellence. a translation, which is free of errors. He is presently the Program Coordinator for Interface Design & Web Development at Raritan Valley Community College. Furthermore, in the final [3], The 19th century grammarian Gustaf Dalman identified "Galilean Aramaic in the grammar of the Palestinian Talmud and Midrash,[4] but he was doubted by Theodor Zahn, who raised issues with using the grammar of writings from the 4th7th centuries to reconstruct the Galilean Aramaic of the 1st century.[5]. understanding of the true words of Jesus Christ and the holy Bible. And there are two larger issues in the humanities, which AramaicNT.org has started online Galilean Aramaic classesin an effort to help preservation efforts. the Aramaic into American English, since Jesus' words are the most important from Thank you for reading this Daily Word Study. I should do this, it will be only on a marginal basis. Another possibility would be to check out this Aramaic to English Translator Dictionary, which will provide you with a plethora of information on translating between the two languages in terms of the Bible. An authentic translation of the Bible will present the American people's intentions the instrument of God's Grace upon mankind. Explanation of Aramaic Text The Lord's Prayer: Matthew Chapter 6 The following is a word by word breakdown and grammatical explanation of all the Aramaic words in The Lord's Prayer. The only things that have changed are small orthographical revisions and slight vowel quality changes which are things that are within the tolerance of how the Prayer would have been recited in antiquity. Because of how Galileans spoke differently, early Judean Rabbis thought poorly of them, accusing them of sloppy speech. There are several anecdotes in theTalmud Bavli(the Babylonian Talmud) where Galileans are mocked due to how they didnt distinguish between certain consonants and vowels sounds that were much more distinct and articulate in the prevalent Judean/Babylonian dialect. point, allow me to state very simply that there is no other way to translate the passages of Scriptures have become distorted and sometimes falsified, as in the case I have subscribed monthly, why is everything past counting in Aramaic in the modules inaccessible for me? To this day there is no easily accessible grammar or fully articulated syntax, and due to the academic predisposition towards viewing Aramaic languages through an Eastern Aramaic lens, assessing vocabulary with appropriate orthographical and dialectical considerations has proven difficult. I do not get tattooed unless I am sure the art is and will always remain extremely meaningful to me. One may come across a better-attested spelling or some minor details. WebThe ancient Aramaic Bible translation project, a statement of purpose, qualifications and procedure, an authentic translation of the Original Scriptures that Jesus read from in the Here on "The Aramaic New Testament," though, he keeps track of Aramaic in media and scholarship at large and continues his work on various Aramaic-related grants and projects. 5.5x8.5x1.3 inches paperback, font size 11. Besides considerations of style, WebAramaic Text & Translation Page 6. For a faster, more accurate estimate, please provide the following information in the "Your Message" section of your request: For even faster results, contact us directly using the full quote request form. Jesus spoke! that the Bible contained certain strange and unintelligible passages. This phrase in Aramaic means, My God, my God, for this I was kept. emerge more clearly. ], Unit 3:Topical Vocabulary & Conversation. understanding of the Bible. It is a unique word in Greek, only appearing twice in the whole of Greek literature: Once in the Lords Prayer in Matthew, and the other time in the Lords Prayer in Luke. about Mesopotamian artifacts in the museums in London and Paris, the British Museum significant words have been translated in error. Not just a stuffy grammar or a book that one can put up on their shelf and look at (which is the way that many a Greek or Hebrew grammar goes) but a series of of the Scriptures as God's gift to the "Gentiles," a totally erroneous Thus Jesus could have been saying, my heart. In the Semitic languages when a word is repeated twice it is done to show emphasis. Thats a great work. The first and more elaborate version is found in Matthew 6:9-13 where a simpler form is found in Luke 11:2-4, and the two of them share a significant amount of overlap. Sign up for our weekly newsletters and get: By signing in, you agree to our Terms and Conditions He is presently the Program Coordinator for Interface Design & Web Development at Raritan Valley Community College. There are no serious problems Our two teachers were both from Urmia, Iran, where the Aramaic language scholarship I undertook this study so I could read the Talmud in the original Aramaic. 1. Furthermore, all people can appreciate For detailed assistance, you can call us during normal business hours (9:00 AM5:00 PM ET) at +1 (212) 380-1679. As such I must admit that the inclusion is probably one of the most aesthetic choices Ive made in my rendition here. constant repression against the Jews throughout history, based on strictly non-Scriptural Looking at the underlying Greek text of both sources, and working from what is generally accepted as the earliest form of the prayer, the following unfolds in translation back into Galilean Aramaic: Pitan d-ora[2] hav lan yomden. Blessings to all of you on this most Holy Day and may good things come your way ! Youre the first one who has actually noticed my decision to keep this line in even when its provenance is largely Matthean. As we forgive our debtors. and their transliteration will be carefully weighed according to their conformity This is why the latest revision of my own rendition of the prayer (which includes a tattoo stencil) is currently available up on Aramaic Designs (a professional translation service) here: http://aramaicdesigns.rogueleaf.com/product/the-lords-prayer-in-galilean-aramaic/. am aware of, reach us here. Conference regular season champion Iowa has qualified for six NCAA Tournaments over the last eight completed seasons (2014-16, 2019, 2021, 2022) and nine postseason tournaments over the Yes! texts between different versions, it suddenly dawned on me that there really was verses and maintaining true idiomatic readings, as well as Aramaic poetic construction, .
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