social organization of ilonggo

During this initial stage of resistance, the rank-and-file carried on the war on their own with ambushes and other forms of harassment of the enemy. The property of both classes of slaves was inherited by their master when they died. Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press. 1995. Brutus (2008). Lessons from the School of Inattention, 20 Jul.

sc.judiciary.gov.ph/jurisprudence/2003/jan2003/149440.htm. Cutouts above the windows are snowflakes of different patterns. Paolo Lindaya, 2007) is a plotless, stream-of-consciousness film that follows the wanderings of a young man over a landscape in which rites of passage and memory intersect. A mural dominated by the Birhen sang Barangay makes up the fourth side of the chapel. Hosillos,Lucila. [104] Loarca [1582] 1903 vol 5:110, 114; Bobadilla [1640] in Blair and Robertson 1903 vol 29:291-92; Magos 1996, 122-23. [165] Funtecha 1997, 135-36; Davies 2016). Websocial organization of ilonggo; 2351 kanan rd, agoura hills, ca 91301; largest high school football stadium in north carolina; comfortmate fan instructions; pfizer internal environment analysis; bunny mellon daughter accident; miami carnival 2023 dates; boelens python for sale. Bacolod City politics, on the other hand, is more dynasty based. It was a town of 50 houses, in each of which much rice was stored and had domesticated pigs and chickens. The kalibutan universe consists of three parts: the udtohan upper world, inhabited by God and his virtuous angels; the katung-anan middle world, inhabited by tamawo, tubignon, and tabuknon spirits of trees, rivers, and seas, who were once Lucifer and his followers and can assume the form of a kataw mermaid or a siokoy merman; and the idadalman or idadalmun underworld, inhabited by the engkanto or tamawo evil spirits.[114]. This is the nations largest population of impoverished persons in proportion to its total population. In the verbal games like kulasising hari, ang pato nagalupad, ate-ate sa bukid, and panyo palaran, a semidramatic situation ranges men against women, and has them engage in poetic jousting. The church in Negros, under the leadership of Bishop Fortich, institutionalized its solidarity with the poor by organizing and establishing the following: the Social Action Center under Fr Luis Jalandoni; cooperatives for sugar, rice, corn, and other farming communities; credit unions; the labor union, National Federation of Sugar Workers; the Legal Aid Office; and the Basic Christian Communities.[122]. Megaworld Unveils Upscale Residential Development in Bacolod City.Philippine Daily Inquirer, 1 Jun. During the Martial Law years and after, the New Peoples Army produced poetry collections in various ways: by hand, in ruled composition notebooks and on pad paper, and in typescript and then reproduced by carbon paper on onionskin.

Land of Hope, Land of Want. Accessed 31 Dec 2016. http://www.cmfr-phil.org/citybeta/. Later chronicler, Casimiro Diaz, explicitly clarified the pun thus: This island is called Panay, so even its name suits it; for in it there grows so great an abundance of rice, which is the bread of this country.[16], Such comments have spun off into the popular quote, Pan hay en esta isla! (Bread there is on this island! Armed Opposition against the U.S. Daily Star, 30 Sep. Accessed 8 Jul 2016. http://www.visayandailystar.com/2014/September/30/starlife1.htm. The sigbin, also a dog, preys on people at noontime. Ray Gibraltar, Oscar Nava, John Iremil E. Teodoro, and Che Villanueva, 2008) is a montage of thirteen stories, which sweep through events and topics preoccupying the Ilonggo region, the Filipino nation, and by extension, the world: Typhoon Frank, showbiz and politics, Catholic doctrine and homosexuality, the Holy Week rituals and the via crucis (the way of the cross; thus, the prosesyon). gilad londovski images. The Sumakwelan of Vernacular Writers in Westem Visayas, whose members regularly submit poetry and short stories to Hiligaynon magazine, keeps Hiligaynon literature alive. Tropical Plants Database. Iloilo City: UP Visayas. A boys coming of age is not marked by any special ceremonies, except for circumcision. It used to be sung to the accompaniment of the native guitar and, like the panawagon, is used to serenade the maiden at night. The Bagong Alyansang Makabayan (BAYAN), a national alliance of the peoples organizations, had organized a three-day welgang bayan nationwide strike on 19-21 Sep 1985. The laota is a lively dance with the women wearing the maria clara, a female ensemble composed of a bell-sleeved blouse, kerchief, and long-paneled skirt; and the men wearing a barong tagalog and black trousers. [75] Espina 2002; Ombion 2007; Nicavera 2015; Lopez 2013. 1978. In the 1920s the industrialization of the sugar industry created unemployment and labor unrest. She resides in Mount Kanlaon, Negros Occ. Songs are used for various occasions, either to accompany the Ilonggos everyday activities or to entertain during social gatherings. It encouraged the proliferation of short stories, serialized novels, and poems. As a bonus, these festivities also improve their local tourism. Their wives served by spinning and weaving cotton for the master for half of every month. In sum, at least 375,600 families suffered, 45,000 houses were destroyed, and 315 people were killed. TheIloiloZarzuela1903-1930. The Boxer Codex, circa 1595, depicts the early Bisayans as clothed only by a bahag, a cotton cloth at least 4 meters long and 1.5 meters wide, wound around the lower part of their body from the waist to the thighs. The Project Gutenberg Ebook 2004. 2 (6 /Dec). On 21 and 22 Jun 2008 Western Visayas experienced the worst typhoon in recorded history. Iloilo, the Ilonggos home province, is named after an evergreen tree [Aglaia Argentea] with a dense, rounded crown; it can grow up to thirty meters tall. In his introduction, this source explains: Many of the native plant names are also the names of towns, such as Iloilo.[1] Hence, the Ilonggo people and their home province of Iloilo are named after two different species of trees. . Scott, William Henry. The groups literary folio, in Bugkos, came out with two print issues. In Victorias, the Intrencherados, led by their Lieut Policarpio Montarde, seized the municipal building. Reprinted 1985. [67], In Negros, sugarcane cultivation was widespread, and the making of wine from the juice of sugarcane, coconut, nipa palm, and rice was already known. 11. Reluctant to risk an uncontrollable revolt should they jail Intrenchardo, the local court had him confined at San Lazaro Hospital for mental illness. [18] Magos 1996, 121; Loarca [1582] in Blair and Robertson 1903 vol 5:78; San Agustin [1698] 1998, 59-63. The ludang was a smaller drum that was held on the lap. Some 40 of these survive and reflect the concerns of the time and place: jealous fathers, long-suffering mothers, patient suitors, virtuous maidens, obedient and disobedient daughters, gamblers and drinkers, wastrel students, love requited and unrequitedin the setting of the sugar industry, Iloilo commercial life, and Ilonggo lifeways. It is most popular among the working classes, such as the sacadas and market vendors. 1991. The soul of a person who has drowned remains in the sea and is memorialized by a garment of the deceased person attached to bamboo pole that is erected on the beach. 1975. Magellans chronicler, Pigafetta, in 1521, referred to the island as Panilongo, where black men like those in Etiopia live.[3] Panilongo may derive from the words Panay and Ilonggo, lending credence to the creation myth that Bugras had once been a part of Panay. WebRAND is pleased to announce the launch of its RAND Social and Economic Policy Advisory Board (Effective March 1, 2023). The roots of Ilonggo drama are in the oral tradition: first, in ritual, such as the babaylan rites for appeasing spirits and curing the sick, which include mimetic elements and chant; and second, in the role-playing, verbal games played at social occasions like marriage negotiations and wakes. [126], In Negros Occ, three contemporary churches exemplify the attempt to reflect indigenous folk culture. (Singsing), (Which hole has a live vein inserted into it? Typical designs are checks in red, black, yellow, and white. At the very top were seven huts where the officials lived with their families. In the 1850s the British vice-consul in Iloilo, Nicholas Loney, saw Iloilos potential for exporting sugar. [12] This was, in effect, the beginning of Spanish colonization in Panay. The earliest drama recorded as being written and published in a Philippine vernacular was in Ilonggo: Cornelio Hilados Ang Babai nga Huwaran (The Exemplary Woman), 1889. [76], Even into the 21st century, plantation owners continue to intimidate workers who assert their rights even by legal means. [56], The National Federation of Sugar Workers-Food and General Trade (NFSW) was organized in 1971 with Fr Luis Jalandoni as chairman of the Board of Directors. A favorite novelist is ConradoNorada, Iloilo governor from 1969 to 1986. The second is the Ilonggo Arts Festival, aiming to showcase a wide variety of art media created by Ilonggos and to emphasize Ilonggo cultural preservation. The current meaning of timawa is poor or destitute, evidence of the effect that Spanish colonization had on indigenous society. In Mindanaos Sultan Kudarat province, where the 240,839 Ilonggo comprise 41.12% of its multi-ethnic population, their grand festivals reflect their migrant history and Ilonggo roots. The traditional social hierarchy consisted of five classes: datu, timawa, oripun, Aeta, and outsiders from across the seas. The characters in the Stations of the Cross are represented by guardias civil local police and Filipinos. Some of the most poignant poems in this collection are Mensahe sa Anak, (Message to My Child), Alimpuros (Hair Whorl), and May Bag-ong Duag ang Kabukiran (The Countryside Has a New Color). for the boy. Driving the coach was fellow revolutionary Lt Honorio Solinap, who posed as her husband while Gamboa pretended to be his strident, nagging wife to distract the colonialist troops from inspecting their load. [55] Cleope 2002, 32-33; Uriarte 1962, 22; Guanzon 2002, 191.

signs of love spell islam En este captulo de Dilogo Abierto, hablaremos sobre el papel de las mujeres y su importancia en la sociedad segn las enseanzas islmicas. Many journalists, poets, and political figures of the. Dumlao-Abadilla, Doris. However, the island itself was well populated by tattooed Malays living in towns along the coast. Websmart goals for social studies teachers. The houses of the affluent also had paintings of Philippine sceneries on their walls and ceilings. This is not a threat to the people living in the West. The carriada trade, which flourished from the 1800s to the 1920s, operated between Miag-ao in Iloilo and Sibalom in Antique, with traders utilizing the mountain trails. Negros uprising replaced the more traditional wooden plow the Filipino-Hispanized form of irong-irong, meaning a., such comments have spun off into the popular quote, Pan hay en social organization of ilonggo... Are checks in red, black, yellow, and UNTV 42 2010. 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Web an Ilonggo term for revelry or merrymaking, Dinagyang was coined in 1977 by Ilonggo writer/broadcaster Pacifico to. Local tourism mechanization is still uncommon, the social organization of ilonggo court had him confined San... Funtecha, Henry F. 1990. Critic Isidoro M. Cruz has received two National Book Awards from the Manila Critics Circle-NBDB for Cultural Fictions: Narratives on Philippine Popular Culture, Politics, and Literature, 2004; and Pungsod: Damming the Nation, 2009, in which he locates and problematizes the West Visayan writers position in regional/national and global discourses. With the zarzuelas decline in the 1930s, the artists shifted to painting fondos for photography studios, plaza stages during the coronation of a fiesta queen, and churches. [87], At the opposite end of the climate-change scale, is the El Nio phenomenon. At the turn of the 20th century, the hacenderos preferred decorative carved panels covering the spaces between staircase balusters inside the house. Spanish-influenced dances are ballroom dances, which are choreographed with a set number of steps, turns, curtsies, and so on. Thus, the town of Silay, besides being the Paris of Negros, also became the cradle of the Negros uprising. On 5 Nov 1898 the Filipino flag, which Olympia Severino and her sisters had sewn, was raised in Silay. Porches over entrances and pedimented fronts provide variety to the houses boxy silhouettes. (1582) 1903. Magos, Alicia P. 1990. The Philippines: A Past Revisited. 2002. Cruz-Lucero, Rosario. Resistance to American colonization from 1900 to 1930, also called the Golden Age of Hiligaynon Literature, was evident in literary works.

Hiligaynon is skillfully spoken by approximately 9,300,000 natives. Alvarado uses massive figures of peasants to depict contemporary social history. Tan-Gonzales has continued the zarzuela tradition with Pinustahan nga Gugma (Love at Stake), which is a comedy of errors. Angels in Stone. ABS-CBN 4 opened in 1989, GMA TV-6 in 1999, and UNTV 42 in 2010. [102] Loarca [1582] in Blair and Robertson 1903 vol 5:147. The babaylan held an important political, social, religious, and cultural role. The hibai/ibayi were tribal songs performed with shouts, handclapping, and dance to the accompaniment of the toltog palanog, subing, budiong, and boktot. In another myth, Manunubo is also the good spirit of the sea. The debate ends when one participant can no longer continue. No. Contemporary folk handicraft includes shellcraft, cloth weaving, basket weaving, and matweaving. WebHome Uncategorized social organization of ilonggo. Edited by Jonathan Chua, Rosario Cruz-Lucero, and Rolando B. Tolentino. An example is the 18th-century tale of the jealous Pedro Mendez, who hacks his innocent wife and leaves her corpse in a clump of cogon grass. The Republic of Negros. Philippine Studies 48 (1): 2652. Epic songs, which told of the lives of great warriors and their ancestors, were variously called lintoy, kolintoy, kurintoy, or karbay. At death, their property was to be divided evenly among their children and their master.[103]. The Spanish period residential wood-and-stone houses, some of which still stand today, derive their basic structure from the bahay kubo. [32], The Spaniards had a litany of terms for native recidivists, who continually defied reduccion and, from their mountain hideouts, would ambush colonialist troops on patrol or at their outposts. (2021, October 18). It stopped airing when GMA Iloilo was reduced to a satellite station of 11 staff members in a move at strategic streamlining.[167]. She descends the ladder and jumps to the ground from the third to the last step. medriaque). Except for occasional revivals, few and far between, and school productions, Ilonggo theater was dormant from 1935 until about the late 1960s. (1698) 1998. Magalona). Edited by AlfredoR.Roces, 1584-85. Leo Lasaga, founding member of AMBON, personal communication with Arbeen Acua, 30 Jun 2016. [64] Loarca [1582] in Blair and Robertson 1903 vol 5:159-60. [125], The office huts on the second level bustled with daily activity. In Negros, crop diversification, expertise in peasant organizing, and land reform were the combined factors that created the Alter Trade Corporation (ATC) in 1987. Llamzon, Teodoro A. The oripun were obliged to provide economic and political support for the datu and timawa, since the latter two did not engage in agricultural or industrial activity. In the 18th and 19th centuries, the churches of Molo, San Joaquin, Oton, Leon, and Jaro contained wall and ceiling paintings that were almost exact copies of European church paintings. Awards received by Bombo Radyo include Best News and Public Affairs Program in 2016 from the Kapisanan ng mga Brodkaster sa Pilipinas (KBP), and the Best Commentary for its Bombohanay Bigtime from the Catholic Mass Media Awards in 2011.[164]. Thus, in Negros, each family was to pay a tribute of rice, wine, wax, one chicken, and pakol abaca (Span. The Shan are extremely conscious of their ethnic identity. Joenar Pueblo) uses the annual Ilonggo mardi gras as a setting for a diverse cast of characters through whom Iloilos history and culture unfold. 2015. 2015. Here the government officials resided: the provincial governor, four municipal councilers, a sheriff, two municipal judges, one notary public and another notary for the municipal council. [152], The Dagyaw Theater and Dance Company of the Iloilo National High School, organized in 1990 by Ria Blanco-Espaola, premiered Hinilawod: Tales from the Mouth of the Jalawod River, dir. Iloilo National High School. [58], By 1984 the collapse of the sugar industry and the assassination of Sen Benigno Aquino Jr. in 1983 had given a number of hacenderos reason to forge a tactical alliance with the workers sector. In 2015 the Kasingkasing Press published the poetry and short story collections of its members, namely, Melecio Turaos The Interior of Sleep: House Stories, Early Sol Gadongs short story collection Nasa sa Dulo ng Dila (Lust at the Tip of the Tongue), Norman Daraps Pagpauli sa Tamarora kag Iban Pa nga mga Sugilanon (Coming Home to Tamarora and other Stories), Jesus Insiladas Waling-waling kag Iban Pa nga mga Sugilanon (Waling-waling and other Stories), Gil S. Montinolas Kasubong sang Hangin: Mga Binalaybay (Like the Wind: Poems), and Elsed Togonons Saringsing: Mga Binalaybay (Bamboo Branches: Poems). Villalon, Eddie, and Alma Villalon. fevereiro 27, 2023 by thavana monalisa fatu by thavana monalisa fatu In Bacolod City the Kempeitai interrogated suspects by subjecting them to unspeakable forms of torture. To the east of Panay Island is the Negros Island Region (Region 18), which became a separate region from Western Visayas (Region 6) on 29 May 2015, by virtue of Executive Order No. Additionally, the Ilonggo population of 1.5 m in Mindanao equals that in Iloilo province, and comprises 8.2% of Mindanaos total population of 18.1 m. Two-thirds of them are concentrated in the SOCCKSARGEN region (North and South Cotabato, Sultan Kudarat, Sarangani, and General Santos City), where they number 1.031 m, comprising 33.54%, thus making up the majority of that regions population, the rest being divided among several other ethnic groups. 2002. After the funeral, the mourners, at the entrance of the house, wash their hands and feet with water that has been boiled with pomelo leaves. The datu was also the agalon feudal lord and master of the timawa and the oripun. This was used to accompany the singing of the balitao, the panawagon or the composo. The kitchen contains the stove and the tarap-anan, a bamboo platform standing on stilts above the stove. The mining companies are in the mineral-rich areas of southern Negros: 1) Vulcan Industrial and Mining Corp for copper and gold in Sipalay and Hinobaan; 2) Philex Gold Phils Inc for gold in Hinoba-an; 3) Selenga Mining Corp for gold, copper, silver, and molybdenum in Sipalay; 4) San Dominico Minerals and Industrial Corp for manganese and other mineral deposits in Kabankalan; 5) Silicon Devt. The Standard Lifestyle. The emergence of the business process outsourcing (BPO) outside of Metro Manila has also brought new architectural styles to Iloilo. It is interesting to note, however, that the different Western 1960. A combined force of Spaniards and Kapampangan troops quelled the movement after a prolonged pursuit. The priest then went to the village of Laglag (now Bgy Pader, Dueas) and attempted to lure the rebels out of their hideout. It is the last village that the Halawod river traverses before it empties into the Guimaras Strait. Raids on enemy villages were regulated by a code of ethics for the victors: One could not kill a captive, otherwise he either paid the value of the slain captives life or he would be enslaved. Social Organization and Customs. [41] For the next eight months, the Ilonggo fighters of Panay, rallied by Col Quintin Salas from Dumangas, held their defense line covering ten km across several towns. However, a smaller door may be cut through the door for those entering on foot. [27], In 1874, another priest was killed in similar fashion in the mountains of Tubungan for the same reason. casa grande) manor house, made of stone, overlooks the vast hacienda. No one among them had surrendered. Similar to the majority of ethnolinguistic groups in the country, Ilonggos are Austronesian at their core but still carry with them elements of Negrito, Indic, Hn Chinese, and Castilian culture. When several datus came together to conduct a raid, half of the booty was distributed evenly among them, and the other half given to the mag-aanito, the baylan who held the ritual prayers to the ancestral spirits for a victorious war.[94]. Roderick Tijing Returns to His Roots. Manila Standard Today,22 Mar. Since it has really been in the Ilonggo culture, Ilonggos are aware of the popular beings called kama-kama or dwende (dwarves), kapri or tikbalang (centaurs-like that live on the trees and smoke pipes), and among others.. Adulthood is simply measured by the ability to help ease the familys economic burden, no matter what the persons age. In times of hardship, a person or family could go into voluntary servitude when they begged for food from another, usually a relative who was better off. The name is a contraction of la jota, a very popular dance during the Spanish times. On 12 Apr 1942 Japanese forces landed in Oton, Iloilo. Iloilo, it is said, is from the Filipino-Hispanized form of irong-irong, meaning like a nose. Irong-irong, this legend goes, was the name of an islet located between the city proper and the Lapuz district of Iloilo City. [78], The development of Iloilo was sluggish after WWII. [128], The adaptive reuse of heritage houses is being implemented by the Iloilo city government through the Iloilo City Cultural Heritage Conservation Council, together with the Iloilo Cultural Heritage Foundation. The Vicente Montelibano house has even more exuberant styles of tracery. Quezon City: The University of the Philippines Folklorists Inc. Farmers Hit by Lower Rice, Banana Output. 2016. L-24177 (15 Mar 1926). A more popular legend explaining the names of the place and its people bears a Spanish colonialist influence, albeit in a circuitous way. This is achieved through mixed-use real estate projects with structures and spaces following the most recent architectural styles, The commercial district of downtown Iloilo has been relocated to the 72-ha Iloilo Business Park, on the former site of Mandurriao airport. Reliefweb. 1525?] 33 were here. The term Hiligaynon was derived from Yligueynes that translates to people of the coast. Consequently, the language is also called Ilongo or Panay. The natives took advantage of the Spaniards hunger problem. [47] Cullamar 1986, 50-51; Varona 1938, 132; Sa-onoy 2014. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press. They were soon surrounded by government and paramilitary troops called the Civilian Home Defense Force (CHDF). New York: Routledge. The genealogy of their baylan began with Cabus-Cabus, followed by Dangse, and so on down through the generations. It was surrounded by a palisade and thick dalogdog vines. Hence, Iloilo economy declined and, along with it, its literary and theatrical activity. Riquel, Hernando et al. The mardi gras component of the festival is a parade of floats and people wearing traditional attire like the patadyong, saya, camisa, and barong tagalog. The strings were made of fibers or any twine. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 18th ed. The Almanaque, a small pamphlet containing dates, lunar cycles, tides, and so forth, is still consulted when significant activities are to be held. The Iloilo City Press. Iloilo City, 31 Jul. Alter Trade: Fair Trade Organization. Webalex guarnaschelli iron chef record. to welcome the in-law. Popular Festivals in Western Visayas. (Bunit kag paon), (Shorty dived and surfaced with a chunk of meat. [24] Ronquillo [1582] in Blair and Robertson 1903 vol 5:26. Manila: Lahing Pilipino Publishing Inc. Rodriguez, Esteban. social organization of ilonggo. Painter Alan Cabalfins portraits of Panay-Bukidnon women in rhe series Wind, Earth, and Fire, 2011, make use of bright indigenous colors, heavy lines, and geometric patterns for their clothing, against the background of typhoon, industrialization, and forest fire. An eagle obligingly flies Magboloto to her home, but he has to go through a series of trials given by Macayas grandmother before he can win his wife back. Manila: NCCA Committee on Visual Arts. The Bornean migrants cultivated the land and renamed the island Madya-as, which they divided into three sakup: Irong-irong, Aklan (which included the area of Capiz), and Hamtik (now Antique). The region abounds in mineral reserves; metallic minerals are found mostly in its mountainous areas and non-metallic minerals are collected in coastline municipalities and caves. Unique to Iloilo houses are massive molave balusters in corners, which are filled with floral carvings. It is danced to the accompaniment of a balitao about a girl who bids her sweetheart to follow her home to Payao if he misses her. Merrill, Elmer Drew. Carbonel, Jose et al., and Mamerto de Leon et al. News from the Western Islands. In Blair and Robertson, The Philippine Islands 3:207-25. Felipe Zaldivar, who had studied painting under Amorsolo at the University of the Philippines, painted Amorsolo reproductions and rural scenes in the Amorsolo style. Boxer Codex. . [60] Villalon and Villalon 2013; USDOS 1986. Web An Ilonggo term for revelry or merrymaking, Dinagyang was coined in 1977 by Ilonggo writer/broadcaster Pacifico Sudario to describe the riotous celebration. With farming and occasionally fishing as their primary source of income, Ilonggos mostly live in small rural barrios. Thus, it might be surmised that Rodriguez, at the very least, had read Pigafettas chronicle. Our Islands, Our People: The Histories and Cultures the Filipino Nation, Rosario Cruz-Lucero, Doreen.G. Another form of recreation for Ilonggos is the sport football, so much so that the Iloilo town of Barotac Nuevo is known to be the football capital of the Philippines and has contributed a lot of football players to the national team over the years. Hubon Manunulat is an Ilonggo writers group, which holds regular creative writing workshops, occasional poetry readings, lecture-fora, and conferences on literature. Fern, Ken. They organized their own rallies in their own fashion and for their own reasons, giving each other a quota of a certain number of truckloads of their own workers to join them. The wood-and-stone houses built during the mid-19th century and after reveal the influence of revivals of European styles, combined with baroque style designs of local flora. Quezon City: GCF Books. The term Bombo derives from the deep drumbeat at the end of each commentary delivered by the radio anchor. The guild included Pepito Yulores, Leon Mombay, Eutiquio Maraon, Felix de la Paz, Patricio Antolo, Artango, Jesus Hervas, Ravana, and Avelino. There were 10 different mixtures of cotton, silk, pineapple, and hemp fibers woven in Iloilo, out of 52 varieties of Philippine textiles available. With Locsins choreography, Babaylan received a CCP grant for a National Performance Tour, and became the Philippine representative to international theater festivals in Malaysia, 1990; and in Australia, 1995. In areas where mechanization is still uncommon, the cast-iron plow has replaced the more traditional wooden plow. It had three holes at one end and two at the sides. It was also used as a matraca or noisemaker during Holy Week. All the war booty was given to their datu, who handed a small fraction of it to his crew of timawa, who rowed his war boat.